Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
The Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act, 2013, strengthens the existing ban on manual scavenging and aims to completely eradicate this dehumanizing practice. The Act expands the definition of “manual scavenger” to include cleaning of sewers and septic tanks without proper protective gear. It also emphasizes the rehabilitation of manual scavengers and their families, providing them with financial assistance, skill training, and alternative employment opportunities. The Act mandates the use of technology for cleaning sewers and septic tanks to ensure the safety and dignity of sanitation workers. This Act falls under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.
Enactment Date, Number of Chapters, Number of Sections:
The Act was enacted on September 18, 2013, and came into force on December 6, 2013. It consists of eight chapters and 39 sections.
Act Governed By:
The Act’s implementation is overseen by local authorities, District Magistrates, and designated authorities at the state level. The Act also establishes Vigilance Committees and Monitoring Committees at the district, state, and central levels to oversee implementation and ensure accountability. The National Commission for Safai Karamcharis plays a significant role in monitoring the Act’s implementation.
On Whom It Is Applicable:
The Act applies to all individuals, local authorities, agencies, and contractors across India. It prohibits the employment of manual scavengers in any form and mandates the demolition or conversion of insanitary latrines to sanitary latrines. It also places responsibilities on local authorities and other agencies to ensure the use of modern technology for cleaning sewers and septic tanks.
Penalties/Punishments:
The Act prescribes penalties, including imprisonment and fines, for contravening its provisions. Penalties are enhanced for subsequent offenses. The Act also addresses offenses by companies, holding both the company and responsible individuals liable.
Important Pointers:
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Completely prohibits the employment of manual scavengers and the construction or maintenance of insanitary latrines.
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Mandates the identification and rehabilitation of manual scavengers and their families.
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Prohibits hazardous cleaning of sewers and septic tanks without proper protective gear.
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Establishes Vigilance Committees and Monitoring Committees at different levels to oversee implementation.
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Requires local authorities and other agencies to use modern technology for cleaning sewers and septic tanks.
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Provides for the appointment of inspectors to monitor and enforce compliance.
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Makes offenses under the Act cognizable and non-bailable.